Morale in Older Adults and Associated Factors: A Study among Residents Living in Old-age Homes in Chennai, India

Abstract Introduction: Morale is a multidimensional concept encompassing future-oriented optimism or pessimism regarding challenges associated with aging, self-satisfaction, a sense of belonging in one’s environment, and the acceptance of unchangeable circumstances. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine and assess the factors associated with morale among the residents of old-age homes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 424 residents of old-age homes was conducted in Tamil Nadu using the Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale. With institutional ethical approval, data were collected from July to September 2022. Results: A majority of older adults (87%) exhibited low morale scores, while 11% and 2% were classified within the middle and high morale score categories, respectively. The overall mean score was 6.2, with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.9. The study identified factors that can be categorized into six different groups: (1) socioeconomic factors, such as higher monthly per capita income and receiving financial assistance from relatives; (2) social support, such as connectedness with others, including friends and family members; (3) type of old-age homes, such as living in government or aided facilities; (4) duration of stay, particularly shorter stays; (5) demographic factors, focusing on elderly individuals aged 75 years and above; and (6) engagement, such as being a paid employee or practicing yoga and related physical activities. Conclusion: The study found a very high level of low morale among the residents of old-age homes in Tamil Nadu, along with factors that align with findings from other studies, which must be considered while strategizing interventions to enhance morale among these residents.