Unmasking a Rare Adverse Reaction: Acute Kidney Injury Linked to Bupropion Use

Abstract Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant commonly prescribed for major depressive disorder and smoking cessation. Although generally well-tolerated, acute kidney injury (AKI) is an exceptionally rare adverse effect. We report a 52-year-old male who developed AKI within 1 week of starting bupropion sustained-release for depression, presenting with fatigue, reduced urine output, and dark-colored urine. No alternative etiology was identified, and renal function returned to baseline within 4 weeks after drug withdrawal and supportive care. This case underscores the importance of clinician awareness that bupropion, though infrequently, can be associated with reversible AKI, and that timely recognition and discontinuation are critical to ensuring full recovery.