Phenolic Profile and Biological Activities of Stropharia inuncta (Agaricomycetes) Extracts: Insights into Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, and Cytotoxic Effects

The phenolic compound profile of ethanolic extract of <i>Stropharia inuncta </i>(Fr.) Quél., a natural macrofungus species, and the effects of this chemical structure on antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Rel Assay Diagnostics kits; DPPH: 72.653 ± 1.857 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, FRAP: 86.873 ± 1.125 mg TE/g, otal antioxidant status (TAS): 4.049 ± 0.057 mmol/L, total oxidant status (TOS): 9.642 ± 0.038 μmol/L, oxidative stress index (OSI): 0.238 ± 0.002, respectively. Within the scope of anticholinesterase activity, IC<sub>50</sub> values of the extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined as 55.007 ± 1.411 μg/mL and 82.993 ± 1.501 μg/mL, respectively. Antiproliferative effect was evaluated on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line after 24 h of incubation; significant decrease in cell viability was observed especially at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL. Phenolic content was analyzed by LC-MS/MS method and the highest levels of gallic acid (3713.45 ± 12.26 mg/kg), quercetin (2911.40 ± 6.19 mg/kg), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2167.69 ± 4.71 mg/kg) were detected. Also compounds such as vanillic acid, catechinhydrate and acetohydroxamic acid were found at significant levels. The findings show that <i>S. inuncta </i>is a rich natural source of phenolic compounds and this chemical structure contributes to versatile biological activities. The limited information in the literature on the biological activities and phenolic compound profile of this species positions the study as a contribution to the field.