Injuries and Illnesses in Male and Female Sailors Throughout the Professional Sailing Circuit SailGP: A Retrospective Cohort Study of SailGP’s Season 3

<b>Objectives:</b> SailGP is an international professional mixed-sex sailing competition, which uses F50 foiling catamarans capable of reaching speeds up to ~100 km/h. This seminal study assesses injuries and illnesses observed by male and female sailors during trainings and competitions in SailGP's third season. This study aims to assess injury and illness incidence, comparing results with other professional sailing events and high-performance sports. In addition, injury and illness risk factors (sex and position) will be explored with the goal to reduce morbidity for future seasons. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: This retrospective cohort design analysed medical records of male and female sailors during SailGP's third season (April 2022 to May 2023). Risk factors assessed included sailor sex, sailor position (helm, strategist, grinder, flight controller and wing trimmer), sailing venue, wind speed and mechanism of injury/nature of illness. International Olympic Committee reporting guidelines on injuries and illnesses were followed, including the STROBE-SIIS checklist. Confidence intervals were set at 95%, statistical tests were two-sided and <i>p</i>-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> A total of 40 on-water injuries were reported in 32 athletes. Injury incidence was greater during competitions than trainings, with strategists and then grinders being the most frequently injured positions. Competition injury incidence was 32.6 per 1000 h and 6.42 injuries per 365 days. Training injury incidence was 2.62 injuries per 1000 h and 3.82 injuries per 365 days. Knee, ankle, hand and head injuries were most prevalent, with three concussions observed during trainings and competitions (two female and one male). Direct impacts and falls during manoeuvres caused most injuries. Overall injury incidence (IRR = 2.69 [95% CI 1.41-5.16]), risk of training injuries (RR = 3.75 [95% CI 1.59-8.83], <i>p</i> = 0.001), risk of competition injuries (RR = 1.79 [95% CI 0.65-4.90], <i>p</i> = 0.25) and overall concussion risk (RR = 10.04 [95% CI 0.91-110.46], <i>p</i> = 0.02) were greater in females. Ten sailors accounted for 17 illnesses. Females had a 3.33 increase in training and competition illnesses (IRR = 3.33 [95% CI 0.94-11.81]). <b>Conclusions:</b> Competition injury incidence was higher than previous reported sailing studies. Knee injuries were most prevalent and direct impacts caused most injuries. Female sailors reported a higher injury and illness incidence. These results may guide injury prevention efforts and the development of an IOC-equivalent consensus statement. Future studies should examine time loss.