The energy performance gap – a Swedish perspective

Literature reviewsfrom various countries indicate a difference between calculated and measuredbuilding energy use, often known as the ‘energy performance gap’. This articleexplores the existence and magnitude of the energy performance gap in Swedenand identifies possible reasons behind it. A general evaluation of Swedishbuildings showed a median discrepancy between 10–20%. To explore causes,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 building energy experts, whoconfirmed the presence of the EPG and identified contributing factors. Theseinclude: (i) insufficient system optimization post-occupancy, (ii) inaccuraciesin input data, particularly hot water circulation losses, (iii) unexpectedoccupant behaviour, (iv) inconsistent energy metering (v) poor communication.Energy simulation was conducted on a case-study to analyze the differentfactors’ impact. The paper highlights potential strategies to mitigate the EPG,including improved commissioning and enhanced feedback during project deliveryand operation. A holistic approach with effective communication is necessaryfor better building performance.