The contribution of sodium bicarbonate to the preservation of ecosystems: ecotoxicological assessment of veterinary preparation

In the modern conditions of veterinary medicine development, an important criterion for the introduction of new drugs is their environmental safety, pharmacological efficacy and compliance with the concept of sustainable development. The study conducted a preclinical assessment of the subacute toxicity of the veterinary preparation "Acidostop", the active ingredient of which is sodium bicarbonate (60 mg/ml). The study was conducted on Wistar rats weighing 180–220 g (n=40), which were administered the drug intraperitoneally in doses of 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 ml/kg for 14 days. The study studied the clinical condition, body weight, hematological and biochemical blood parameters, as well as the macro- and microscopic structure of internal organs. The results showed that the drug does not cause lethality, has no cumulative effect, does not change the appetite or behavior of animals. The average body weight gain in the experimental groups did not differ statistically from the control (p>0,05). Hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets) remained within the physiological norm. Biochemical analysis did not reveal significant changes in the levels of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine (p>0,05), which indicates the absence of hepato- and nephrotoxicity. The results of histological examination of the liver, kidneys, spleen and myocardium confirmed the morphological integrity of the organs. The obtained data give grounds to consider "Acidostop"a preparation of class IV danger (low danger) according to the toxicity classification, which allows us to recommend it for further use in veterinary practice as a safe agent for the correction of acidosis. Considering the results obtained regarding the safety and absence of toxic effects of the preparation "Acidostop" during subacute administration, it is advisable to assess chronic toxicity under conditions of long-term use of the drug in therapeutic and increased doses in order to identify possible cumulative effects or long-term changes in metabolic processes.