Smart Control of Household Appliances using Wireless Communication and PSO based Optimal Power Consumption Control

This study presents a system for real-time monitoring and control of household appliances utilizing the ESP32 (Wroom-32) module and Wi-Fi technology. The system employs the ACS712-20A current sensor module to measure the total output current, which the ESP32 wirelessly transmits to a dedicated webpage. This webpage is specifically designed to display the total current, the number of connected devices, and the duration of usage, allowing users to control the appliances via a relay module. Furthermore, users can view the total power consumption and the corresponding billing amount based on a various tariff-plans for ease of understanding. The analysis was conducted on four electrical appliances, generating a 24-hour dataset of power consumption and billing amounts to examine the optimal load curve. Subsequently, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was developed to determine the optimal operating duration for each appliance, ensuring that the total billing amount be lower making maximum demand and average power consumption be almost equal. The study utilized four electrical bulbs rated at 60, 24, 22, and 18 watts to assess accuracy over durations of 6, 12, and 24 hours, with specified runtime hours provided to the PSO algorithm during the optimization process.