Research on MAC and Routing Protocols for Stadiums Based on Optimisation Algorithms

In this paper, a MAC and routing protocol design scheme based on optimization algorithms is proposed to address the challenges faced by wireless networks in stadiums in highdensity user environments. The scheme designs an adaptive MAC protocol and a dynamic routing algorithm to improve the network performance by introducing a crowd density sensing mechanism and a cross-layer collaboration strategy. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified by testing in several real venues, such as sports centers. The test results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of the network system, as evidenced by a 36.2% increase in system throughput and a 27.1% reduction in end-to-end delay. The overall user experience was significantly improved. These results provide a practical solution for the design of wireless networks in large public places under high-density crowded environments, and provide strong support for future research and applications in related fields.