Psychological dimensions in oncological pathology

This article aims to identify and analyze the specific features of psychological defenses within the context of oncological pathology, with a particular emphasis on defense mechanisms and coping strategies. The necessity of this research arises from clinical observations indicating that some patients, upon receiving a cancer diagnosis, exhibit psychological reactions that may lead to a significant discrepancy between their subjective perceptions and the therapeutic recommendations of healthcare professionals. The specialized literature highlights a gap in the study of correlations between defense mechanisms and the psychological disorders associated with cancer diagnoses. Notable contributions in this area have been made by researchers such as M.V. Kukina, L.M. Mahnach, D.V. Moskovchenko, and N.A. Rusina. From a theoretical standpoint, the article clarifies the definitions of defense mechanisms and coping strategies, outlining their conceptual specificities. Data analysis reveals a tendency among oncology patients to rely on defense mechanisms such as denial and detachment, whereas healthy individuals more frequently adopt problem-focused coping strategies. A comprehensive understanding of the psychological defense and coping processes in oncology is crucial for developing effective psychological interventions to be integrated into oncological treatment. The study underscores the need for holistic approaches in cancer care, incorporating emotional and psychological support to enhance both survival and quality of life.