The social pedagogical background of the PISA-results

In the context of a financial crisis, young people across the Baltic region have shown a growing willingness to leave their home countries - an issue that has intensified over the past decade. According to recent statistics (Leino, Dislere, Merfeldaitė, Pivoriene, Railiene, 2023), a significant number of young adults are dissatisfied with their educational and employment opportunities, as well as with living conditions and financial stability. As a result, many are prepared to emigrate, which presents a serious challenge from a governmental perspective. This article draws on empirical data from a study conducted among young Estonian adults who emigrated in recent years (Toomistu, Annist, Murakas, 2023). The objective of the study was to identify the factors contributing to emigration, as well as the conditions that might encourage young people to return to their home country. A content analysis of the data was conducted to examine the role of emotional factors and to explore potential interventions at the state level. The theoretical framework is based on Allardt (1993) and social pedagogy.