A Design and Development of an Energy Monitoring System for Solar Power Plants and Inverter Output as an Energy Source in Smart Homes

The increasing demand for sustainable energy has encouraged the use of solar power systems (PLTS) in households; however, the lack of adequate monitoring systems hinders direct assessment of performance. This study designs a real-time monitoring system based on electrical parameters to evaluate the performance of solar panels using the Research and Development (R&D) method, including system design, device assembly, and testing. The ESP32 microcontroller is used as the main control unit, with the PZEM-017 sensor for measuring DC power and the PZEM-004T sensor for AC power. Data is displayed through a web application developed with PHP and MySQL. The results show that the system can accurately display voltage, current, power, and energy, with an average error rate of 2.3% for the DC sensor and 0.3% for the AC sensor, and overall accuracy above 95%. Data transmission runs smoothly. The system is proven effective for energy monitoring in smart homes and has the potential to be enhanced with features such as automatic notifications and AI-based data analysis.