Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis in Indonesian Buffalo: Correlations with Plasma Membrane Integrity, DNA Fragmentation, and Acrosome Integrity

This research investigated the association between structural quality and motility traits of cryopreserved semen in Silangit and Toraya buffalo using a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system. Post-thaw examination revealed no statistical difference in plasma membrane integrity between the two breeds (Silangit: 62.5 ± 3.2%; Toraya: 63.1 ± 2.8%). In contrast, the level of DNA fragmentation was greater in Silangit bulls (18.4 ± 2.6%) compared with Toraya (12.7 ± 1.9%). Acrosome condition was generally well maintained in both groups (>95%). The CASA assessment further revealed that Toraya sperm exhibited superior values for average path velocity and lateral head displacement, while Silangit samples displayed higher straightness, linearity, and beat cross frequency. Overall, the study demonstrates that differences in membrane stability, DNA integrity, and acrosome status contribute to breed-specific motility profiles, emphasizing the relevance of CASA for designing semen preservation strategies in buffalo breeding.