Evaluation of the Military Foundations of the Topography of the Asos Mountain Range Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

This study aims to evaluate the military principles of the topography of the Assos Mountain Range using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with a specific focus on military guides and Defense Tools in ArcGIS Pro. The analysis is centered on the relationship between elevation, slope (degree and direction), and their military implications. By integrating spatial data and GIS-based mapping, the study examines key topographic factors affecting military mobility, defense positioning, and operational strategies. The significance of this research lies in its systematic evaluation of selected military principles in relation to the Assos Mountain Range, utilizing geospatial data and analytical tools. To achieve its objectives, the study employs a descriptive approach combined with statistical analysis (strength analysis method). The study is divided into an introduction and three axes, The first axis is devoted to introducing the geographical location of the research region, concepts, terms and sections of (Military Tools), while the second axis is the military principles of the high mountain range of Assos The third axis refers to the military principles of the Assos mountain Range. The findings indicate that the Assos Mountains cover an area of approximately 714 km², with an 11 km international border with Iran. The highest peak exceeds 2,500 meters above sea level, while 63% of the study area lies between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. Moreover, over 80% of the terrain has slopes greater than 10 degrees, presenting significant mobility challenges for military vehicles, tanks, and armored units. The study underscores the crucial role of GIS, particularly Defense Tools, in advancing modern military planning, strategic decision-making, and operational effectiveness.