Parameter-based optimization of the 3D clay-printability

This study focuses on optimizing the 3D printability through Liquid Deposition Modelling (LDM) of ceramic clays, particularly addressing the challenges of processing low-moisture mixtures. The main objective was to assess how the chemical and physical composition of clays, along with some deflocculant additive, affects their performance during 3D printing. The plasticity and other properties of different types of clay were evaluated. The results showed that clays with higher plasticity, like White, allowed for easier printing with lower pressures, while Red clay, with lower plasticity, required Sodium Silicate to enhance printability at reduced moisture levels. The addition of deflocculates improved the fluidity of the clay, facilitating smoother extrusion without needing higher pressure. However, the study highlighted that reducing water content significantly could not be fully offset by additives, underscoring the importance of maintaining a balanced moisture level. In conclusion, the controlled use of additives and precise regulation of printing conditions greatly improved the efficiency and quality of 3D printing. This research contributes to advancements in ceramic additive manufacturing, offering important insights for improving material handling and print quality in clay-based 3D printing applications. • Evaluation of clay printability based on plasticity and mineral composition • Plasticity index helps define optimal moisture range for printing • Sodium silicate (1%) improved printing only in specific low-moisture clays • Printability improves with optimal water content, not just additive dosage • Nozzle size and pressure significantly affect extrusion quality and success