First Objective Evidence Characterizing Differences in Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Neurophysiology Using ECAP-Controlled Closed-Loop Technology
This is the first study to objectively characterize differences in cervical and thoracic spinal neurophysiology using SCS. ECAP-controlled CL-SCS maintains consistent neural activation in both cervical and thoracic regions. Given the heightened sensitivity and narrow dosing range in the cervical region, ECAP-controlled CL-SCS may enhance therapeutic outcomes through more precise and consistent neural dosing compared to OL systems.
Authors
- Shrif Costandi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0864-9846)
- Paul Verrills
- Dawood Sayed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-2140)
- Jan Willem Kallewaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-1796)
- Ian Gould
- Christopher Lam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-6255)
- Gregory L. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-9149)
- Jill Pope
- Chau Vu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9488-1550)
- Harold Nijhuis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-0893)
- Usman Latif (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-5547)
- Johnathan Goree (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0548-852X)
- Lalit Venkatesan
- Wantz Ge
- Erika Petersen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8548-1450)
- Ajay Antony
Institutions
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Metro South Health (AU)
- Evolve Restorative Center (US)
- St. Antonius Ziekenhuis (NL)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Medica (United States) (US)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Rijnstate Hospital (NL)
- The Orthopaedic Institute (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Pain and Therapy
- Published
- 2025-10-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-025-00782-y
- Primary Topic
- Pain Management and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00