Cultivation of some medicinal mushrooms species from <i>Ganoderma</i> on sawdust supplemented with water hyacinth

This study investigated the cultivation of Ganoderma mbrekobenum, G. sessile, and G. oregonense using sawdust supplemented with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Ganoderma species have medicinal applications, including immune modulation, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties. Substrates with water hyacinth (SWH) consisted of 900 g sawdust, 100 g water hyacinth, 100 g rice bran, and 30 g calcium carbonate, while (SNWH) was not supplemented with water hyacinth. Mycelial growth assessment showed that G. mbrekobenum and G. sessile colonized 85 mm Petri dishes within 7 days, whereas G. oregonense required 8 days. Primordial development was highest in G. mbrekobenum (8.2), followed by G. sessile (4.0) and G. oregonense (2.8), but G. sessile and G. oregonense fruited faster (21 days) than G. mbrekobenum (30 days). Fruiting body yield analysis showed that G. mbrekobenum had the highest weight (61.10 g) and biological efficiency (15.42 %). G. sessile had the fastest fruiting time (47.4 days), while G. mbrekobenum took 86.8 days. The biological efficiency of G. oregonense was lowest at 9.99 % (SWH) and 5.86 % (SNWH). Water hyacinth supplementation improved mushroom yield and G. mbrekobenum demonstrated superior yield, whereas G. sessile had a faster fruiting cycle, making both species suitable for large-scale medicinal mushroom production.