COMPARAÇÃO DOS DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS ENTRE TRAQUEOSTOMIA PERCUTÂNEA E A TRAQUEOSTOMIA CIRÚRGICA EM  UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

This study consisted of an integrative review aimed at analyzing and comparing the clinical outcomes associated with percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Tracheostomy is an essential procedure to ensure airway maintenance and adequate ventilation in critically ill patients, with the choice of technique influenced by clinical, anatomical, and institutional factors. Data were collected from PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases using DeCS descriptors and MeSH terms, and studies published between 2020 and 2025 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were selected. Quantitative and qualitative studies addressing relevant clinical outcomes were included, while isolated case reports, pediatric studies, and articles without primary data were excluded. Nine studies were analyzed, showing that percutaneous tracheostomy is generally associated with shorter procedural time, reduced ICU stay, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, and acceptable complication rates. On the other hand, surgical tracheostomy proved advantageous in cases of higher anatomical complexity or increased risk of bleeding. Limitations include methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes. The findings highlight the need for individualized decision-making, considering the patient’s clinical profile and the team’s experience. Future research should prioritize multicenter trials and standardization of techniques, enabling more robust comparisons and supporting evidence-based clinical practice to optimize safety and recovery in critically ill patients.