A Comprehensive Survey of Integrated IP and Optical Network Control in Multi Grade Virtualized Networks

In the telecommunications industry, the rapid evolution of next-generation systems has created a need for a flexible, scalable, and efficient network infrastructure. The fields of integrated Internet Protocol (IP) and optical networks are growing at a drastic rate to address the demand for dynamic resource allocation, low-latency services, and bandwidth-demanding applications. Network virtualization enables the requirement for multigrade network services that support differential performance requirements, which raises the challenge of network control and management. This survey paper reviews the various IP and Optical network control mechanisms, along with their integration in the context of a multi-grade virtualized network. The different control frameworks, along with support technologies such as network virtualization and software defined networking. The various limitations and challenges of the existing approaches have been identified by focusing on resource allocation, traffic engineering, and quality of service assurance. It also highlights the open research directions for achieving an intelligent and unified IP-optical virtualized network.