Correlation Between Celiac Disease Patients and Infertility

Celiac disease (CD) an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten,can indeed have complex relationship with in fertility in both women and men .The inflammation and damage in the intestines can disrupt hormone levels ,potentially interfering with ovulation and the menstrual cycle. The present study was designed to investigate some biochemical aspects of patients with (CD) in Al habobi Hospital in al-nasirya in Thi-Qar provine The present work included some Celiac disease patients who are already diagnosed as CD patients that by the consultant medical staff, according to clinical examination, symptoms,during the period from October 2024 to march 2025. Samples of the study included 20 patients which female and 20 healthy control to study Vitamin D3 , S. Ferritin levels and Concentrations of the sex hormones prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured from the serum samples of recumbent patients with age range of (18-36 years). The recorded results indicated that their where Vitamin D3 levels were significantly higher in the control group (37.47 ± 10.18) compared to the (CD) patient group (16.27 ± 7.04). A strong statistical significance at P. value 0.01, suggesting that (CD) patients may have a notable deficiency in vitamin D3. S. Ferritin was also much higher in the control group (49.45 ± 23.47) than in (CD) patients (11.01 ± 4.36), with a strong statistical difference at P value 0.01 . This could indicate iron deficiency or altered iron storage in the (CD) patient group. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) levels were both significantly lower in the (CD) patient group compared to controls. FSH was( 5.41 ± 2.13) in controls vs. ( 3.74 ± 1.96) in patients, and LH was (6.71 ± 2.49) in controls vs. (4.90 ± 1.65) in patients at P. value 0.05 . These hormones are crucial for reproductive function, and their reduction might reflect hormonal imbalance. Prolactin levels were higher in the (CD) patient group (12.51 ± 4.47) compared to the control group (7.04 ± 2.80) at P. value 0.01. Elevated prolactin can affect menstrual cycles and fertility. Testosterone was also significantly elevated in the (CD) patient group (1.76 ± 0.98) compared to controls (0.52 ± 0.57) at P. value 0.01. This may suggest a condition like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is often associated with elevated androgens. Estradiol levels were similar between the two groups, with no statistically significant difference (39.98 ± 15.91) in controls vs.( 41.11 ± 8.75) in (CD) patients).The Pearson correlation analysis for (CD) patients group revealed a moderate negative correlation between Vitamin D3 and both seurm ferritin (r = -0.435) and prolactin (r = -0.433), suggesting that lower vitamin D3 levels may be associated with higher ferritin and prolactin levels. Other correlations involving vitamin D3—such as with FSH, LH, testosterone, and estradiol—were weak and not likely meaningful. Estradiol showed a weak negative correlation with ferritin, and a moderate positive correlation with LH (r = 0.378), possibly indicating a hormonal link. Prolactin showed a moderate positive correlation with ferritin (r = 0.481) and weak negative correlations with FSH and LH. The remaining correlations across testosterone, FSH, and LH were weak and did not demonstrate strong linear relationships. The Pearson correlation analysis in control showed weak to moderate relationships among the studied parameters in control group. Vitamin D3 levels were negatively correlated with FSH and testosterone, suggesting a possible inverse relationship, while its correlations with other hormones were weak and likely not significant. Estradiol showed a moderate negative correlation with ferritin, indicating that higher estrogen levels might be associated with lower iron storage. Testosterone levels were negatively correlated with ferritin but positively correlated with FSH, reflecting some hormonal interaction. Other correlations, such as those involving prolactin, LH, and FSH, were generally weak and did not suggest strong linear relationships.