Cost‐Efficient Autotrophic High‐Cell‐Density Cultivation of <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> Enabled by Model‐Based Gas Supply
Cultivating hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB), such as Cupriavidus necator, using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> offers a promising route for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> valorization into chemicals and materials. To enhance cultivation efficiency in a lab-scale gas fermenter lacking a gas recycling system, an automated gas supply strategy based on real-time <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> monitoring was developed. Fine-tuning gas delivery is essential to ensure an adequate supply for cellular growth while minimizing excess gas, particularly <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> , that leaves the bioreactor unused, to improve process economics. In the absence of ATEX-compliant <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> sensors, a soft sensor was implemented to estimate dissolved <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> concentrations from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> uptake rates and growth phase identification. Total gas flow was controlled according to the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> requirements of the cells. This strategy reduced overall gas and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> consumption by 67%. In addition, a high-cell-density medium was formulated by integrating published recipes with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and nutrient inhibition testing. The optimized medium increased biomass yield from 15 g/L to 53 g/L, with 75% of the dry weight consisting of the bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), without requiring nutrient addition or pH control. Together, these strategies improve the scalability, efficiency, and sustainability of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> -based cultivation of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria.
Authors
- Vanja Subotić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1425-2802)
- Maximilian Graber
- Markus Reichhartinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-9575)
- Vera Lambauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0719-3062)
- Christoph Hochenauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-5217)
- Regina Kratzer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-1247)
- Helmar Wiltsche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-7028)
- Clemens Hagenbuchner
Institutions
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (Austria) (AT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Published
- 2025-10-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70079
- Primary Topic
- Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- TU Graz, Internationale Beziehungen und Mobilitätsprogramme
- Amt der NÖ Landesregierung
- Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft
- Standortagentur Tirol
- Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort