Investigation of the most common perinatal and postnatal risk factors in children with MIH compared to healthy (non-MIH) children aged 6–12 years in Arak City

Vaginal delivery and chickenpox history emerged as protective factors against MIH, while preterm birth, analgesic use, and diarrhea showed modest associations. These findings underscore MIH's complex etiology, with regional variations suggesting diverse influences. Further longitudinal research is needed to validate these relationships and guide targeted prevention strategies.