Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine induces balanced antibody and T-cell responses in pigs with maternally derived antibodies

Maternally derived antibody (MDA) interference is a major obstacle to developing effective vaccines for neonates. In pigs, MDAs significantly impair immune responses to a whole-inactivated virus vaccine. Here, we show that vaccination with a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated DNA vaccine can partially overcome MDA interference. These findings underscore the potential of the LNP-DNA vaccine as a viable strategy for effectively immunizing MDA-positive populations. Additionally, LNP-DNA vaccination in young pigs provides a valuable model for exploring the immunological mechanisms behind MDA-mediated suppression of vaccine-induced immunity.