Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization versus dynamic oscillatory stretch technique in females wearing high heels: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Prolonged and frequent use of high-heeled footwear has been associated with musculoskeletal maladaptation and impairments. These include calf tightness, reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and altered gait mechanics. Over time, these changes may compromise the functional mobility of the lower extremity. Objective: to compare the instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and dynamic oscillatory stretch technique on ankle ROM and Lower Extremity Functions among high-heeled users. Method: This single-blinded, randomized Controlled Trial was carried out at Begam Akhtar Memorial Trust Safari Hospital from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of n=54 females aged between 20-40 years with <17 degrees dorsiflexion, wearing high heels of at least 2 inches, for 5 hours/day, for more than 3 days/week, and > one year included in the study. The sample was divided into group A, which received Graston mobilization (IASTM), and group B received the dynamic oscillatory stretch technique (DOST) for gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. For lower limb functions, ankle ROM goniometer and Pain were assessed through lower extremity functional status, goniometer, and numeric pain rating scale.at baseline and after the 12th session. Results: The Results showed significant improvement (p<0.001) in the IASTM group as compared to the DOST group with respect to ankle ROM, pain reduction, and LEFS showed equal (p=0.303) improvements for both groups. Conclusions: IASTM is more effective than DOST in improving ankle ROMs and decreasing pain in female high heel users. However, both techniques showed similar improvements in lower extremity functional status. Clinical trial registry: NCT06086600