Characterization and Evaluation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Application as a Filler in Polymer Composites

Objective: The study aimed to characterize sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) regarding its chemical, physicochemical, thermal, structural, crystalline, and morphological properties, in order to evaluate its potential application as a mineral filler in polymer composites. Theoretical Framework: The literature highlights the relevance of agro-industrial residues as an alternative source of mineral fillers in polymers, mainly due to their availability, low cost, and sustainability aspects. SCBA is recognized for its high silica content, as well as metallic oxides that can influence mechanical and thermal properties (Barrera et al., 2021). Method: SCBA characterization was conducted using various techniques. Chemical composition was determined by XRF, while thermal stability was assessed by TGA. FTIR was employed to identify functional groups, and XRD determined the crystalline phases and degree of crystallinity of the material. Finally, particle morphology was examined using SEM. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that SCBA has a chemical composition dominated by SiO₂, followed by K₂O, Fe₂O₃, and CaO, with no toxic elements detected. Thermal analysis demonstrated high stability, while FTIR confirmed the predominance of silica. XRD revealed a crystallinity degree of 50.26%. SEM micrographs showed fibrous, rough, and porous particles, with preserved biomass structures, favoring dispersion and interfacial adhesion in polymer matrices. Overall, these results reinforce the feasibility of SCBA as an alternative mineral filler in sustainable composites. Research Implications: The findings confirm that SCBA exhibits chemical, structural, and morphological characteristics compatible with its use as a polymer filler. Its thermal stability and high silica content underscore its potential for developing sustainable materials with enhanced properties. Originality/Value: This work contributes to expanding knowledge on the use of SCBA as an alternative mineral filler, integrating different characterization techniques. Its originality lies in demonstrating its technical potential while aligning innovation, cost-effectiveness, and reduction of environmental impacts.