Dependence of Central Asian countries on fossil energy and low adoption of non-hydro renewables

<ns3:p>Background The share of coal and oil in the total energy supply of the region has significantly increased since 2000, while the corresponding share of the relatively clean energy from natural gas generally showed a worryingly declining trend. The share of wind and solar energy in Central Asia remained negligible for a long time. This paper aims to present a study on the heavy dependence on fossil energy against a backdrop of low wind and solar power adoption in Central Asian countries. Methods The study is based on the relevant industrial reports to map the common picture of the renewable energy sector of the whole region of Central Asia. Results The study reveals how the adoption of non-hydro renewables relative to other regions could primarily be explained by the low cost of energy from fossil and hydro resources. The results also suggest a considerable role of other factors such as energy subsidies and interest groups, logistical challenges, and lack of expertise. Conclusions Though the current economic conditions in Central Asia do not appear favourable for a wider deployment of non-hydro renewables, there are opportunities to introduce a more sustainable energy mix during the upcoming modernization of power generating capacity. Development assistance and foreign investment should support decentralized systems in underprivileged areas.</ns3:p>