Contemporary Insights into Triazole Derivative Synthesis and Biological Functions

Abstract Triazoles, which are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, are being extensively explored by medicinal chemists for their versatile pharmacological activities and serve as a requisite anchor for novel drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. Several synthetic methods for triazoles and their derivatives are reviewed, with an emphasis on advancements that optimize yield, efficiency, and structural diversity. Triazoles and their derivatives are synthesized via various synthetic strategies, including novel click synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, organo-catalyst, metal catalyst, metal-free, and green synthetic approaches. They show immense pharmacological potential, for instance, antibacterial, inflammatory inhibition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This study explores 10 years (2015–2025) of data published in high-impact journals regarding sustainable synthesis and various therapeutic activities of triazoles and their derivatives, alongside their structural diversity and sensing nature.