Design and optimization of a novel loop configured MSF desalination system with reservoir tanks for minimal liquid discharge

The present study proposes a novel environmentally friendly desalination system with loop-configured Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) system, suitable for small-scale applications. Some of the features that make the system’s initial concept attractive are: simplicity in design, operation and maintenance by eliminating the use of pipes in the condensers, minimum liquid discharge, which ultimately results in the highest possible water recovery; and the ability to integrate with low-temperature Heat sources which makes it a convenient option to apply in deserts and remote areas. Moreover, the system employs passive cooling through soil to enhance vapor condensation. In the present paper energy evaluation is carried out. Additionally, multi-objective optimization is used to minimize specific energy consumption and the number of water circulation cycles among condensation chambers before reaching a steady state. Subsequently, to determine the impact of key variables on system performance, a parametric study is performed. The results show that using the optimal decision variables, the proposed system can produce 4.7 L/h of fresh water with a water recovery ratio of 96% and a gain output ratio of 1. In addition, the corresponding specific energy consumption is 0.6307 kWh/L.