Applications of additive manufacturing technologies in the production of boron-based ceramics

Boron-based refractory ceramics, particularly boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN), play a critical role in applications such as nuclear energy, defense, and aerospace due to their exceptional properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. While traditional manufacturing methods limit the potential of these materials, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies offer innovative solutions to overcome these constraints. Methods such as stereolithography (SLA), binder jetting, and selective laser sintering (SLS) enable the production of high-performance parts with complex geometries, reducing material waste and increasing design flexibility. This review examines the recent advancements in the AM production of boron-based ceramics and highlights future research directions and industrial potential. Furthermore, the development of sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing methods will facilitate broader use of these materials in high-performance applications.