Characteristics of Several Soybean Varieties (Glycine max L.) and Their Response to Grasshoppers Oxya servile and Pod Suckers Riptortus linearis Pests and Their Economic Value

Background: Soybeans constitute a vital protein resource for Indonesia’s population. Indonesian agricultural scientists have developed multiple soybean cultivars to address the nation’s protein security requirements. This investigation aims to evaluate the morphological traits, arthropod resistance and commercial potential of selected Indonesian soybean genotypes. Methods: The study was executed during 2023 in Laboratorium Tanah Maros, Maros Regency, employing a Randomized Complete Block Design incorporating 13 soybean cultivars as experimental treatments with three replications per treatment. Result: Morphological characterization revealed cotyledon pigmentation distributed as white (47.62%), green (23.80%), yellow (19.06%) and purple (9.52%). Maximum foliar trichome dimensions occurred in Grobogan (30.93 mm), peak leaf trichome density was documented in Devon-2 (71.00 units), greatest pod trichome length was recorded in Detap-1 (46.07 mm), while highest pod trichome abundance was observed in Derap-1 (300.00) and Dega-1 (247.60). Minimal foliar injury from Oxya servile infestation was documented in Grobogan (6.89%) and lowest damage from Plucia inclusia attacks occurred in Grobogan (4.69%). Pod deterioration caused by Riptortus linearis showed minimum levels in Dena-2 (3.64%), Devon-2 (3.56%), Grobogan (3.91%) and Detap-1 (3.88%). Superior grain productivity was achieved by Dena-2 (3.78 t ha-1), Derap-1 (3.13 t ha-1) and Devon-2 (3.31 t ha-1), whereas minimal yields were recorded in Anjasmoro (1.93 t ha-1). Cultivars demonstrating optimal commercial value include Derap-1, Devon-2 and Dena-2, attributed to their elevated productivity (3.13-3.78 t ha-1) combined with substantial seed dimensions.