Healthcare service utilization and treatment costs among elderly citizens in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s population is aging rapidly, with 8% of the population currently aged 60 or older, projected to reach 21.5 million by 2030. Elderly citizens face significant health challenges and healthcare costs, increasing demands on the healthcare system. This study assessed self-reported illnesses, treatment costs, and factors influencing healthcare utilization among the elderly in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey of 585 elderly citizens (aged 60+ as per Bangladesh’s National Policy on Elderly People) was conducted in Tangail district from December 2019 to February 2020. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors associated with healthcare utilization. We found about 92% of elderly respondents reported illness, with hypertension, ulcers, pain, and diabetes being most common. Average treatment cost per case was BDT 7,714 (SD ± 32,472; Median: 1,809; IQR: 4,926), with medicine as the largest cost driver. Factors such as education, marital status, residence, and wealth were significantly associated with healthcare utilization. These findings provide valuable baseline health data for elderly citizens and can guide policymakers in designing appropriate disease control strategies to improve their health outcomes. Financial risk protection mechanisms, such as the introduction of social health insurance, should be considered to ensure healthcare is both affordable and accessible for all elderly citizens.