Epidemiological And Socio-Economic Aspects Of Echinococcosis In The Andijan Region: An Analysis Of Long-Term Dynamics (2000-2024)

Background: Echinococcosis, a severe zoonotic helminthiasis, remains a significant medical and veterinary problem in many regions of the world, including Uzbekistan. The Andijan Region, characterized by intensive agriculture and livestock farming, presents a persistent focus of this disease. This study aims to analyze the long-term epidemiological trends and socio-economic impact of echinococcosis in the Andijan Region over a 25-year period (2000-2024). Materials and Methods: A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted based on official statistical data from the Andijan Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Station and the Ministry of Health. Data on incidence rates (per 100,000 population), patient demographics, localization of cysts, and sources of registration were analyzed. Socio-economic analysis was based on estimates of direct medical costs and indirect losses due to disability. Results: The analysis revealed a fluctuating but persistently high incidence of echinococcosis in the region. The average annual incidence for the period was 3.8 per 100,000, significantly exceeding the national average for Uzbekistan. Two peaks of elevated incidence were identified: 2005-2008 and 2018-2021. A trend of "aging" of the disease was noted, with an increasing proportion of cases in the adult working-age population (30-60 years). The hepatic form accounted for 65-70% of cases, followed by pulmonary (20-25%) and other localizations. Rural areas demonstrated a 2.5-3 times higher incidence compared to urban centers. The socio-economic burden is substantial, with the average cost of surgical treatment and rehabilitation per patient estimated at $1,500-$2,000, leading to significant long-term disability. Conclusion: Despite ongoing control measures, echinococcosis remains a serious public health challenge in the Andijan Region. The established long-term dynamics indicate the stability of the natural foci and the insufficiency of current interventions. An effective reduction in the disease burden requires a strengthened One Health approach, integrating enhanced veterinary control of dogs and livestock, active case detection in high-risk groups, and comprehensive public health education.