Temperature or Nature?

Is χλιαρός in Rev 3:16 temperature or nature? Previous research has largely concentrated on the temperature dimension. This article offers a different perspective on the term χλιαρός in Rev 3:16. It posits that the term should be interpreted through the dual lenses of temperature and the characteristics of the water itself. Key archaeological discoveries, including a prominent marble block featuring water regulations, in conjunction with a structural examination of the Son of Man’s admonition in Rev 3:14–22, will be used as a methodology to support the argument that χλιαρός encompasses both temperature and the inherent qualities of the water.

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Publication Details

Journal
Collectanea Theologica
Published
2025-08-31
DOI
https://doi.org/10.21697/ct.2025.95.3.03
Primary Topic
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Temperature or Nature?

Philip Suciadi Chia
Collectanea Theologica
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
article

Temperature or Nature?

Philip Suciadi Chia
article en

Abstract

Is χλιαρός in Rev 3:16 temperature or nature? Previous research has largely concentrated on the temperature dimension. This article offers a different perspective on the term χλιαρός in Rev 3:16. It posits that the term should be interpreted through the dual lenses of temperature and the characteristics of the water itself. Key archaeological discoveries, including a prominent marble block featuring water regulations, in conjunction with a structural examination of the Son of Man’s admonition in Rev 3:14–22, will be used as a methodology to support the argument that χλιαρός encompasses both temperature and the inherent qualities of the water.

Collectanea TheologicaVol. 95(3)
University of Pretoria (ZA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 78%
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
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