ARDI: a new dataset for automatic advocate recommendation in the Indian Legal System

Abstract We introduce a realistic expert recommendation problem called advocate recommendation. To facilitate investigation of the problem, we develop a rich dataset of $$\sim$$ 25k documents called the Automatic Advocate Recommendation Dataset in the Indian Legal System (ARDI), which also contains additional attributes. Extra information about areas is generated through an expert annotation process that we incorporate into our experimentation. Treating the problem as a multi-label classification task and carrying out extensive experimentation with various strategies, including using area-based representations, summarization, ensembling methods and multi-task learning, we find the advocate recommendation task quite challenging. Our results suggest that using longer contexts and combining information from different models are beneficial in reaching a viable solution.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Artificial Intelligence and Law
Published
2025-10-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-025-09479-1
Primary Topic
Topic Modeling
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

ARDI: a new dataset for automatic advocate recommendation in the Indian Legal System

Ayan Bandyopadhyay, Upal Bhattacharya, Koustav Rudra, Saptarshi Ghosh et al.
Artificial Intelligence and Law
Topic Modeling
article

ARDI: a new dataset for automatic advocate recommendation in the Indian Legal System

Ayan Bandyopadhyay, Upal Bhattacharya, Koustav Rudra, Saptarshi Ghosh, Shouvik Kumar Guha, Aniket Deroy, Kripabandhu Ghosh, G Majumdar
article en

Abstract

Abstract We introduce a realistic expert recommendation problem called advocate recommendation. To facilitate investigation of the problem, we develop a rich dataset of $$\sim$$ 25k documents called the Automatic Advocate Recommendation Dataset in the Indian Legal System (ARDI), which also contains additional attributes. Extra information about areas is generated through an expert annotation process that we incorporate into our experimentation. Treating the problem as a multi-label classification task and carrying out extensive experimentation with various strategies, including using area-based representations, summarization, ensembling methods and multi-task learning, we find the advocate recommendation task quite challenging. Our results suggest that using longer contexts and combining information from different models are beneficial in reaching a viable solution.

Artificial Intelligence and Law
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IN), Techno India University (IN), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IN), Utrecht University (NL), West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 85%
Topic Modeling
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

ARDI: a new dataset for automatic advocate recommendation in the Indian Legal System — Ayan Bandyopadhyay, Upal Bhattacharya, et al. · Artificial Intelligence and Law (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS