Time-restricted feeding provides limited microglial immunometabolic improvements in diet-induced obese rats
Time-restricted eating has shown great promise for improving metabolic health in humans with obesity, but its mechanism is still not completely resolved. In this study, we investigated how time-restricted feeding (TRF) affects microglial immunometabolism using Wistar rats. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals became obese, but restricting food intake to the active phase reduced fat mass, reinforced the rhythmicity of the microglial transcriptome, and prevented an increase in hypothalamic microglial cell numbers. However, TRF failed to reverse HFD-induced microglial immune dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, including suppressed electron transport chain activity, increased lipid metabolism gene expression, and impaired metabolic flexibility. These findings suggest that obesity-driven microglial immunometabolic reprogramming persists despite TRF-induced weight loss and may contribute to obesogenic memory and weight regain after weight loss induced by dietary interventions.
Authors
- Xian Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-3499)
- Rinke Stienstra
- Andries Kalsbeek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-8453)
- Hendrik J.P. van der Zande (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-1934)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-5140)
- Kimberly M. Bonger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9498-2620)
- Frank Vrieling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-672X)
- Ewout Foppen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-5630)
- Valentina Sophia Rumanova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-7009)
- Zhi Long Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-6739)
- Han Jiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-131X)
- Chun‐Xia Yi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-4615)
- Bob J. Ignacio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0614-0086)
- Tiemin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-7653)
- Anhui Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0577-6610)
- Jarne Jermei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-5564)
- Milan Dorscheidt
Institutions
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (NL)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Cell Reports
- Published
- 2025-10-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116380
- Primary Topic
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00