Trends and Health Perceptions of Fast-Food Consumption among Students at the University of Zambia Lusaka District

This study explored the trends and health perceptions of fast-food consumption among students at the University of Zambia, Lusaka District. The objectives were to (a) examine the trends and patterns of fast-food consumption and (b) evaluate students’ perceptions of the health risks associated with excessive intake. A quantitative descriptive survey design was adopted, involving 210 students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale and analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to summarise the findings. Results indicated that fast food consumption was predominantly influenced by stress and social interactions. More than half of the respondents (53.6%) reported increased consumption during examination periods, while 53.3% consumed fast food for social enjoyment with family and friends. Only 22.1% regarded fast food as a status symbol, and 60.6% reported consuming portions similar to or smaller than those of home-cooked meals. Awareness of health risks was relatively high, with 71.1% recognizing the contribution of fast food to obesity and related health problems, and 56.6% acknowledging its high caloric content. However, 45.2% believed occasional consumption posed no serious health threat. Most students (64.4%) agreed that fast food consumption should be limited to improve overall health, though attitudes toward balancing fast food with healthier options were mixed. The study concludes that while awareness of health risks is high, fast-food consumption remains prevalent, driven mainly by stress, convenience, and social factors. It recommends implementing targeted nutrition education and interventions to promote healthier eating behaviours among university students.