Modular Nanoassemblies Mimicking p62 Aggregates for Targeted Organelle Sequestration and Degradation against Breast Cancer

Selective autophagy relies on multivalent recognition by receptors like SQSTM1/p62 to form aggregates that cluster disperse organelles, undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation to facilitate their clearance and maintain cellular homeostasis. Inspired by this, we present the multivalent nanoparticle-based organelle targeting chimera (NanoTAC^Org) to efficiently degrade organelles by flexibly clustering organelles for sequestration and facilitating targeted recruitment of autophagosomes. NanoTAC^Org, assembled with a PLGA core, lysosomal escape modules, organelle-targeting modules, and LC3B binding modules, is programmed to selectively degrade various organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. After endocytosis and lysosomal escape, NanoTAC^Org targets subcellular compartments and mimics p62 aggregate-driven organelle clustering and degradation, without exhibiting the "hook effect". Specifically, NanoTAC^Mito-mediated mitochondrial degradation disrupts oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) while enhancing compensatory glycolysis, thus sensitizing tumor cells to the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor BAY-876. BAY-876 loaded NanoTAC^Mito potently inhibits tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis, demonstrating superior therapeutic efficacy by simultaneously targeting OXPHOS and glycolysis. These findings highlight the potential of NanoTAC^Org as a versatile and effective platform for cancer therapy, particularly through organelle-specific degradation and metabolic reprogramming.