Comparative Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms and the Impact of Quantum Computing on Cybersecurity

In today's world, information is an asset, and preserving that asset has become a challenge. And there is no alternative to cryptography for preserving this information. Cryptography is used to ensure data security, so that third parties cannot steal, change or modify any data. It converts information from plain text to cipher text with the help of various algorithms, which are not easily readable or make any sense to normal human beings. The cipher text can be decrypted if its algorithm can be reverse-engineered to solve the mathematical equation. Currently, due to the development of our technology, our computer processors are getting faster, as a result, ordinary computers are also getting more powerful. Quantum computers are completing their work in a very fast time. Currently, Google has invented a chip “Willow”. With this chip, they have solved a complex calculation or calculation (computing problem) in five minutes which would take conventional computer millions of years, and if artificial intelligence is added to it, then our information decoding and encoding algorithm will solve the equation in a few moments. As we know there are three branches of cryptography Symmetric, Asymmetric and Hash cryptography. Symmetric cryptography is currently very weak. The algorithms of the remaining two cryptographies will be very quickly compromised by quantum computers. This paper also highlights the key exchange, flexibility and security challenges of various cryptography, which determine the effectiveness of cryptographic systems, and the future state of cryptography will be discussed in comparison with quantum computers.