Excipients and Vehicles in Galenic Practice: Considerations for Neonatology and Pediatrics: An Overview and Results of a Practical Experience

Excipients are fundamental components of galenic formulations, critically influencing the safety and efficacy of the final medicinal product. This is of paramount importance in neonatal and pediatric populations, where physiological immaturity results in significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics compared to adults. This work provides a comprehensive overview of excipients and vehicles used in galenic preparations for these vulnerable groups. It highlights specific excipients known to be dangerous, detailing their mechanisms of toxicity, and suggests safer alternatives. The discussion covers formulations for oral solutions, suspensions, and topical dermatological use, including ready-to-use vehicles. The role of the prescribing physician and the verifying pharmacist is emphasized, underscoring the necessity of checking for efficacy, safety, incompatibilities, and microbiological compatibility. The results of a practical five-year local experience with an observational analysis are provided. Furthermore, innovative technologies such as 3D printing for pediatric dosage forms are discussed. The conclusion asserts that a rigorous, risk-based assessment of excipients is essential in neonatal and pediatric galenic practice to ensure patient safety.