Static recrystallization and texture evolution in multiphase FeCrCuMnNi high-entropy alloys: Mechanisms and strength–ductility synergy

This study focused on understanding the static recrystallization (SRX) behavior of a FeCrCuMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) after cold rolling to 85 % and subsequent isothermal annealing at 900 °C for durations ranging from 5 to 120 min. Electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the presence of two face-centered cubic phases (FCC1 and FCC2) and a minor body-centered cubic phase (∼6 vol%) in the alloy. FCC1, enriched with over 50 at% copper, fully recrystallized within 5 min, forming equiaxed grains smaller than 5 µm with annealing twins. In contrast, FCC2 recrystallized at a relatively slower rate, requiring 120 min for completion, forming finer grains (<3 µm) via grain boundary bulging. Grain growth kinetics were characterized by a high exponent ( n = 5.8), i n dicating sluggish boundary migration due to solute drag, low stacking fault energy, and multiphase interactions. Mechanical testing revealed an exceptional strength–ductility synergy, with ultimate tensile strength exceeding 1000 and 800 MPa after 30 and 120 min of processing, respectively, while the elongation increased from 4 % to over 22 % and strength-ductility products from 55 to 185 MPa. Additionally, the texture transitioned from a strong rolling texture, characterized by Brass, S1, and Rotated-Goss components, to a weak Cube recrystallization texture via oriented nucleation. These findings highlight the role of compositional heterogeneity in tailoring SRX and mechanical performance, offering insights for optimizing HEAs for extreme-condition applications. • FeCrCuMnNi HEA exhibits distinct SRX kinetics: FCC1 fully recrystallizes in 5 min, while FCC2 requires 120 min. • High grain growth exponent (n = 5.8) due to solute drag and multiphase interactions preserves fine microstructure. • Exceptional mechanical performance achieves after 120 min annealing: > 800 MPa tensile strength and > 22 % elongation. • Rolling texture (Brass, S1, Rotated-Goss) transitions to weak Cube texture through oriented nucleation. • Compositional heterogeneity enables tailored SRX and mechanical properties for high-performance HEAs in extreme conditions.