System Dynamics for Enhancing Urban Mobility in India: Solution for Traffic Congestion and Carbon Emissions

India is a decisive player in the global economic platform and continues to hold its standing as the fastest-growing major economy. The rapid rise in population growth, the surge in vehicular traffic, and the establishment of small-scale industries are leading to a deteriorating environment, road accidents, worsening traffic congestion, and inequality in access to mobility in Indian cities. Better urban mobility can play a major role in unlocking the Indian cities’ potential. In this paper, a system dynamics-based sustainable urban transportation model is designed and developed to reduce total vehicle population, carbon emissions, and road traffic congestion by monitoring the impact of five formulated and generated policy scenario maps. The system dynamics approach is a computer-aided approach based on causal feedback structure and feedback dynamics. The model incorporates seven submodels: total population, gross domestic product, environmental impact, total vehicle population, road transport demand, road transport infrastructure, and road traffic congestion. The factor of policy scenario implication is selected as a control variable within the model simulation framework. The model simulation results indicate that a powerful endorsement policy scenario map can lead to a decrease in the total number of vehicles, which in turn promotes the rapid adoption of sustainable technologies, such as electric vehicles. This model also contributes to enhancing urban mobility in India by creating a sustainable urban transportation system and achieving carbon neutrality.