Valence <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> proton vacancy of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http:
The $^{32}\mathrm{Si}{(}^{3}\mathrm{He},\mathit{d})^{33}\mathrm{P}$ reaction was studied in inverse kinematics at $6.3\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}/u$. States in $^{33}\mathrm{P}$ corresponding to the proton $1s\text{\ensuremath{-}}0d$ single-particle orbitals were identified up to $\ensuremath{\approx}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}4.5$ MeV in excitation energy. The ($^{3}\mathrm{He},d$) spectroscopic factors were determined from distorted-wave Born approximation calculations. When combined with complementary neutron-adding data, the $1s\text{\ensuremath{-}}0d$ proton vacancies in the $^{32}\mathrm{Si}$ ground state were extracted. In conjunction with a reanalysis of data from previous single-particle measurements, the trends in proton and neutron vacancy were explored across the $^{28,30,32,34}\mathrm{Si}$ isotopes. Both proton and neutron vacancy data show gradual changes in their occupancies. The proton $1{s}_{1/2}$ orbitals in $^{32}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{34}\mathrm{Si}$ are both consistent with being empty. The ground-state nucleon distributions are described by shell-model calculations constrained to the $1s\text{\ensuremath{-}}0d$ model space.
Authors
- Y. Ayyad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-4976)
- D. Bazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-9693)
- H. Jayatissa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-0234)
- J. C. Zamora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-4354)
- Patrick T. MacGregor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-8911)
- M. Z. Serikow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-2196)
- N. Watwood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8024-3382)
- C. Santamaria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-1622)
- B. P. Kay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-0731)
- A. J. Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-695X)
- C. Müller-Gatermann
- I. Tolstukhin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-7479)
- A. N. Kuchera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-7993)
- S. Beceiro-Novo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-473X)
- L. P. Gaffney (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-3696)
- S. J. Freeman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-4921)
- F. Recchia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-0112)
- G. L. Wilson
- D. K. Sharp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-1603)
- C. R. Hoffman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-9827)
- T. L. Tang
- J. Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-6726)
- R. Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0900-7965)
- Alicia Muñoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-0331)
- A. H. Wuosmaa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9036-702X)
Institutions
- Universidade da Coruña (ES)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Davidson College (US)
- ITRI International (US)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT)
- Editorial Projects in Education (US)
- Electronic Product Services (Czechia) (CZ)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
- Morgan State University (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. C
- Published
- 2025-09-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/4lzs-mv3l
- Primary Topic
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Xunta de Galicia
- Office of Science
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Nuclear Physics
- Argonne National Laboratory