Physical exercise and adolescent mental toughness: mediating effects of family support and socioeconomic status

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that regular physical exercise is positively associated with higher psychological resilience among adolescents, and this relationship is partially mediated by enhanced family support and better peer relationships. These findings underscore the importance of supportive family and peer environments in amplifying the beneficial effects of exercise on youth resilience, and they highlight the need for future longitudinal research and intervention efforts to confirm these causal pathways and extend the insights to broader populations.