The impact of hand hygiene knowledge on self-efficacy among Spanish nursing students: a cross-sectional study

In this single-site study, we found that NS had a moderate knowledge of HH, with those in their third or fourth year scoring better than those in their second year. Self-efficacy in IC might play an important role in preventing HAIs and so it is crucial to enhance the effectiveness of HH among NS to improve clinical competence, student self-confidence, and quality of patient care. These data contribute to a body of knowledge that can help improve the NS training curricula endorsed by international organizations with a view to help prevent HAIs.