Case Report of Cerebral Infarction with HIV

Stroke is a serious neurological disorder caused by the obstruction or rupture of cerebral blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow, brain tissue damage, and functional deficits. Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death, affecting approximately 13.7 million people and resulting in 5.5 million deaths annually. Individuals with HIV infection are at increased risk of stroke due to mechanisms such as opportunistic infections, vasculopathy, cardioembolism, and coagulopathy, which exacerbate cerebrovascular vulnerability. This case report aims to explore the occurrence of stroke in a patient with a history of HIV infection and to examine the potential interplay between HIV-related factors and stroke pathophysiology. A detailed clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and review of the patient’s medical history were conducted to document the stroke event, its presentation, and contributing risk factors. The findings demonstrate a clear association between the patient’s HIV status and the stroke event, highlighting how HIV-related vascular and hematological changes may have contributed to the cerebrovascular insult. This case report underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies for HIV-positive patients to monitor and mitigate stroke risk. It also emphasizes the need for increased awareness among clinicians regarding the potential for cerebrovascular complications in this population. Early identification and targeted interventions could improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with stroke in HIV-infected individuals.