Advancing Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Innovations in Composite‐Based Electrocatalysts and Polymer Support Materials for Enhanced Efficiency

Current developments in composites‐based electrocatalysts and polymer‐based support materials have been given significant consideration in direct alcohol fuel cells. The structure and composition of the catalysts and electrode materials significantly impact the efficacy of fuel cells. In addition, various parameters, such as the nanoparticle's size and shape, the nature of the electrolyte, the type of support materials, and their fabrication process, also play essential roles in the functioning of the fuel cells. The catalyst has a pivotal role in enhancing the electrochemical activity of methanol fuel cells (MFCs), influencing their efficiency, durability, and overall viability. Through a meticulous examination of the latest studies, this review explores novel catalyst materials, innovative synthesis techniques, and breakthroughs in catalytic design. Additionally, it discusses critical challenges and future directions, shedding light on the ongoing efforts to propel MFC technology toward commercialization.