Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Bone Marrow of Takin ( <scp> <i>Budorcas taxicolor</i> </scp> )

The takin is an endangered animal native to Asia, uniquely distinguished by its combined bovine and caprine physiognomy. Due to human activities like hunting and habitat loss, takin populations have significantly decreased, making conservation efforts crucial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage cells with self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into various cell types, making them useful for conservation efforts. This study aimed to isolate and characterize MSCs from the takin. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of the femur. Karyotype analysis was conducted to assess the chromosomes of the MSCs. MSC-specific surface markers were detected by flow cytometry. Multilineage differentiation was performed and osteo-, adipo-, as well as chondrogenesis-related gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that MSCs exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, along with notable proliferative capacity. Karyotype analysis determined that MSCs of the takin were diploid with 52 chromosomes. Flow cytometry demonstrates that MSCs from the takin exhibited cell surface marker expression consistent with other MSCs. MSCs from the takin were differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, with increased expression of genes associated with osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. In conclusion, MSCs were successfully isolated from the takin, helping preserve the endangered animal resources.