Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 12-item short forms of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS-12) to Persian language

The analysis of the Persian KOOS-12 questionnaire confirms its excellent reliability, validity, and suitability for clinical use, supported by excellent internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. These findings underscore the importance of culturally adapted instruments and indicate the need for future research to evaluate the KOOS-12's responsiveness to clinical changes over time.