RESEARCH ON WATER-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF IRRIGATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

This article explores the efficiency of water-saving technologies through sprinkler irrigation systems for agricultural crops in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in Zhambyl region. The research was conducted on the fields of the “Hamburg” farming enterprise, where experimental plots were established for maize and alfalfa. Field experiments included monitoring of soil moisture dynamics, irrigation depth, uniformity of rainfall distribution from the sprinkler nozzle, evaporation losses, and agro-meteorological parameters. Measurement tools used in the study included the "TOKY PMS710" soil moisture meter, the "AW011 2.7" rainfall sensor, and digital meteorological stations for temperature and wind tracking. Results showed that water penetrated up to 50 cm into the soil, while the irrigation efficiency coefficient exceeded 0.85. Evaporation losses ranged from 4% to 28%, depending on weather conditions such as air temperature, wind speed, and humidity deficit. It was also confirmed that the operating parameters of the sprinkler system, such as movement speed and torch width, significantly affect the soil’s water absorption. The study concludes that sprinkler irrigation is a highly effective technology for regions with limited water availability. It enables rational use of water resources, enhances crop yields, and helps adapt agricultural practices to climate change. The findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing irrigation schedules and improving water distribution practices in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. These results may be utilized to formulate practical recommendations aimed at sustainable water management in irrigated farming systems..