Evaluation of IL-8, C3, and C4 as Immune Activation Markers in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iraq

Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can cause respiratory infections in humans. They are named "corona" because the virus's surface has crown-like spikes. Coronaviruses that cause sickness in humans include SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the common cold. With the emergence of the novel coronavirus, the incidence and mortality rates have increased worldwide, manifested in different clinical manifestations and outcomes. Identifying the options available for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is crucial for improving management and developing effective treatments. This study evaluates IL-8, C3, and C4 levels in COVID-19 patients in Ramadi City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Samples were collected from COVID-19 patients admitted to Ramadi General Hospital and analyzed for IL-8, C3, and C4 levels using enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). The results showed increased IL-8, C3, and C4 levels in COVID-19 patients. The results of this study will contribute to identifying the immunological options for COVID-19 and could help identify potential biomarkers that determine disease prognosis and response to treatment.