Metformin as an anti-cancer agent against bladder cancer acts via PD-L1 downregulation in an orthotopic mouse model
Overall, this study suggests that bladder tumors can increase PD-L1 expression to promote PD-L1-mediated intrinsic tumor growth pathways, and metformin effectively downregulates PD-L1 expression, suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation, and prolongs survival in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model.
Authors
- Yi Fen Low
- Yih-Yuan Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-291X)
- Horng-Yunn Dou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8021-1339)
- Chang-Ching Yeh
- Yang Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-4826)
- Xue Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9305-9161)
- Pei-Yun Tsai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-6194)
- Chih‐Hao Hsu
Institutions
- National Health Research Institutes (TW)
- National Chiayi University (TW)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Cancer
- Published
- 2025-10-08
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14930-2
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.05
Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes
- National Science and Technology Council